Storefront for Art and Architecture Klein Storefront for Art and Architecture Yves Klein

Yves Klein (correct pronunciation: [ iv klɛ̃ ], born Apr 28, 1928 in Squeamish , † June 6, 1962 in Paris ) was a French painter , sculptor and performance artist . He was a co-founder and leading exponent of the art movement called Nouveau Réalisme in France.

Career

Yves Klein grew upwards as the son of the artist couple Marie Raymond and Fred Klein, partly in Paris and Nice, where he attended the École Nationale des Langues Orientales from 1944 to 1946 . 1946, at age 18, he created his "start space and intangible painting on the beach of Nice lying by signed the blue Mediterranean sky and explained to his beginning and greatest, monochrome '." The symbolic gesture took small ancestry of conceptual art of sixties and seventies ahead. In the aforementioned twelvemonth, Klein began to move judo into the heart of his interest and met Claude Pascal and Armand Fernandez ( Arman ) in Nice in 1947 , who accompanied him to the manifestation of the group of Nouveau Réalistes (New Realism). The beginning independent artistic and philosophical attempts were made here. The first versions of the Monoton Silence symphony were too made during this period . Klein studied Max Heindel's book La Cosmologie des Rose-Croix intensively and its mystical-Christian teachings and was a member of the Rosicrucian community himself from 1948 to 1952 . He besides read 50'Air et les songes. Essai sur l'imagination du mouvement by the French philosopher Gaston Bachelard , in whose reading a chapter is defended to the blue of the sky.

In 1949, after returning from a trip to Italy a twelvemonth before, impressed by the blue of the frescoes in the Basilica of Assisi , he began to paint his showtime monochrome pictures, which he exhibited at home. In 1952 he learned Japanese at the École Nationale des Langues Orientales in Paris and traveled to Nippon until 1953, where he was able to achieve the 4th dan in judo.

IKB 191 - International Minor Blueish

In 1955 he moved to Paris and founded the monochrome , monochrome pictures, in which he increasingly used a monochrome ultramarine blue , which he finally patented in 1960 under the name International Klein Bluish (IKB) . The color-psychological effect of this (slightly scarlet) shade of blue consists primarily of its pull on the viewer, who literally feels "drawn into the pic". Get-go attempts in 1949, when Klein was working at a gilder in London and came into direct contact with the colored powder, failed because the pigment lost its luminosity every bit soon every bit the binder was added, and no adhesion occurred without a binder wanted to. In 1955, with the help of Edouard Adam, owner of a store for fine art supplies , he found a solution to this problem: Rhodopas , normally used as a fixative , immune the paint to attach while maintaining its luminosity.

In October 1955, Klein met the art critic Pierre Restany during the commencement public exhibition of his monochromes at Editions Lacoste in Paris. Restany developed a spontaneous amore for this idealistic creative personality and establish an emotional access to his ideas. Klein, although a utopian dreamer, had a clear artistic stance, simply as "a tightrope walker between genius and charlatan" was dependent on fine art critics to spread his formulation. In Restany the creative person plant a congenial interpreter who understood his creative arroyo intuitively, a skill Klein described as "direct communication". Restany not just became the artist'due south closest confidante, he became his most vehement advocate and henceforth formulated the literary and theoretical foundations for Klein's artistic positions.

Plaque on his domicile at fourteen rue Campagne-Première in Paris

In February 1956 the exhibition Yves - Propositions monochrome was opened in the Galerie Colette Allendy , the concept of which was subsequently shown in the Galerie Apollinaire in Milan, on May 31, 1957 at Alfred Schmela in Düsseldorf and in the Galerie 1 in London. At Schmela, Klein met the German artists Heinz Mack and Otto Piene , who founded the Düsseldorf creative person group ZERO in 1958 . In Apr 1958 the Iris Clert gallery presented the performance Le Vide ("The Empty") by Yves Klein, which became legendary and 3000 visitors came to the opening alone. On the invitation card, Restany invited art lovers to attend a "manifestation of a perceptual synthesis", which justified Klein's "[...] painterly search for an ecstatic and directly communicable emotion [...]". During the exhibitions, Restany converted the championship The Void into what was more aptly "The specialization of sensitivity in the original state every bit permanent painterly sensitivity". There were no works of art to be seen in the exhibition, the immaculate white walls of the gallery, illuminated past neon tubes, were completely empty.

In 1960, the Manifesto Nouveau Réalisme was signed in his studio , and Klein became a fellow member of the creative person group of the same name, which was under Restany's direction.

On November 27, 1960, Klein undertook his famous jump into the void on rue Gentil-Bernard in Fontenay-aux-Roses , a performance photographed by Harry Shunk and John Kender.

On January 21, 1962, Yves Klein and Rotraut Uecker married . She is the sister of the creative person Günther Uecker , who was a member of the creative person grouping Cipher. A few months subsequently the matrimony, on June 6, 1962, Yves Klein died of a heart assail at the historic period of 34. On Baronial 6th of that yr Rotraut Klein gave nascence to their son Yves Armand.

Artistic work

Yves Klein is considered an avant-garde artist and a forerunner of Pop Art . In improver, he organized his first performances ( activity fine art ). Klein wrote essays and made several films. His monochrome pic compositions are best known , peculiarly those he made in an ultramarine blueish he adult and patented under the name International Klein Blue (IKB, = PB29, = CI 77007) , but besides in gold and pinkish. A quiet, meditative way of working is typical for Klein.

Yves Klein's blue sponge reliefs for the music theater in the Revier in Gelsenkirchen

From 1957 onwards, Klein developed anthropometrics with models who painted the canvas with their bodies naked and soaked in blue paint. To this cease, the outset major issue in 1960 was the Anthropometry of the Bluish Era functioning at the Galerie Internationale d'Fine art Contemporain in Paris . In addition, an orchestra played a piece composed by Klein, the Monotone Symphony , which consisted of but one audio. Klein created his largest and about important works between 1957 and 1959 in the new building of the music theater in the Revier in Gelsenkirchen . In collaboration with the builder Werner Ruhnau and other artists, he adult large wall-loftier blue reliefs particularly for this building, some of which were covered with natural sponges. He besides made designs for an unrealized theater forecourt, the "burn down-water-air square". To do this, he experimented, among other things, with air curtains fabricated of potent air currents, which, similar a pane of glass, could for example keep out pelting.

From 1957 he increasingly dematerialized his art until in 1958 he presented the whitewashed gallery space he had emptied in the Paris gallery Iris Clert as an immaterial exhibition of his blue monochromes. The exhibition was entitled Le vide ("The Empty"). He thus became part of the gimmicky conceptual art movement .

Later he likewise used sponges painted in single colors blue or pink in assemblages . An example of the sponge pictures painted with gold pigment is Relief éponge or from 1961. He made blue-soaked organic sculptures from sponges and exposed some of his pictures to the forces of nature of rain, air current and sun (cosmogonies). Further pictures (fire pictures) were created with a flamethrower or through torso prints on constructed resin objects, for example F 88 from 1961.

In 1969 Paul Wember published the itemize raisonné with the œuvre of Yves Klein at DuMont Schauberg Verlag , which documents works, biography, bibliography and exhibitions. The edition was limited to 1000 pieces.

Exhibitions

• 1954: Madrid
• 1955: Marseille
• 1957: Milan: Monochrome proposals , Blue Era (xi monochrome blue images)
• 1957: Paris, Düsseldorf, London
• 1958: Paris: Le Vide ("The Void"): an exhibition with white walls and no exhibits
• 1959: Paris: sponge pictures
• 1960: Paris: first performance with single-tone music and anthropometry (body prints)
• 1960: Paris: Antagonismes , Yves Klein, le Monochrome , photograph jump into the void in the newspaper "Dimanche - Le journal d'un seul jour"
• 1961: Krefeld, Haus Lange : retrospective
• 1964: documenta Iii , Kassel
• 1968: 4th documenta , Kassel
• 1994/1995: Cologne, Düsseldorf, Krefeld: retrospective
• 2000: Overnice, Musée d'Art Moderne et d'Fine art Contemporain , Yves Klein, La Vie, la vie elle-même qui est l'art absolu
• 2004: Los Angeles, MAK Center for Art and Compages: Yves Klein - Air Compages
• 2004/2005: Frankfurt / Master: Retrospective
• 2005: New York, Storefront for Fine art and Architecture: Yves Klein - Air Compages
• 2005: Bilbao, Guggenheim Museum : retrospective
• 2006: Passau, Museum of Modern Art : The jump into the void. Precious items of the Nouveau Réalisme
• 2006: Vienna, Museum of Applied Arts (MAK) : Yves Klein - Air Architecture
• 2006/2007: Paris, Center Pompidou : corps, couleur, immatériel
• 2007: Vienna, MUMOK : Retrospective
• 2013: Aarhus, ARoS: Klein / Byars / Kapoor

literature

• Catherine Krahmer: The Yves Klein Case, On the Crunch of Art. Piper, Munich / Zurich 1974, ISBN 3-492-00405-9 .
• Heiner Stachelhaus (ed.): Yves Klein / Werner Ruhnau . Documentation of the cooperation in the years 1957–1960 . Bongers, Recklinghausen, 1976, ISBN 3-7647-0292-3 .
• Nouveau Réalisme. Revolution of the everyday. Hatje Cantz, Ostfildern 2000, ISBN 978-3-7757-2058-eight .
• Hannah Weitemeier (Ed.): Yves Klein: Body, Color, Immateriality. Taschen, Cologne 1995, ISBN iii-8228-8950-4 .
• Peter Noever (Ed.): Yves Klein-Air Compages. Catalog on the occasion of the exhibition of the same proper noun at the MAK Center for Art and Architecture, Los Angeles (May 13 - August 29, 2004). Hatje Cantz, Ostfildern 2004, ISBN 3-7757-1407-3 .

Web links

• Literature past and about Yves Klein in the catalog of the German National Library
• yveskleinarchives.org Yves Klein Archives
• http://www.yvesklein.de/
• Materials past and virtually Yves Klein in the documenta archive
• ubu.com Klein's Monotone Symphony every bit download ( mp3 )
• "Come with me into the void…" , interview of November 27, 2010 with Rotraut Klein-Moquay on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the jump into the void

Private testify

1. ↑ ^{a b c} National Museums in Berlin (Ed.): The XX. Century. A century of art in Germany . Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-87584-869-1 , p. 243.
2. ^ Yves Klein With the Void, Full Powers . In: Gimmicky Art. Hatje Cantz Verlag, ISBN 978-three-7757-2649-8 .
3. ^ National Museums in Berlin (Ed.): The Xx. Century. A century of art in Germany . Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-87584-869-i , p. 234.
4. ^ ^{A b} Modernistic Art Center, Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation (Ed.): Exhibition Dialogue on Contemporary Art in Europe . Museum of Modern Art, Vienna, Museum van Hedendaagse Kunst, Ghent a. a., March 28, 1985 to June 16, 1985, p. 247.
5. ↑ Francisco Calvo Seraller: (inlet): Guggenheim Museum Bilbao Drove. Guggenheim, Bilbao 2009, ISBN 978-84-95216-61-8 , p. 510.
6. ^ Ingrid Pfeiffer, Carla Orthen: Biography . In: Oliver Berggruen, Max Hollein, Ingrid Pfeiffer (Ed.): Yves Klein. Kunsthalle Schirn, Frankfurt am Primary, p. 222 f.
7. ↑ Max Hollein . In: Oliver Berggruen, Max Hollein, Ingrid Pfeiffer: Yves Klein. Cantz, Ostfildern-Ruit 2004, ISBN 3-7757-1446-4 , p. 9.
8. ^ Hannah Weitemeier: Yves Klein, 1928–1962: international Klein blue. Benedikt Taschen-Verlag, Cologne 2001, ISBN 3-8228-5584-seven .
9. ^ Karl Ruhrberg (Ed.): Alfred Schmela. Gallery owner · pioneer of the advanced. Wienand, Cologne 1996, ISBN 3-87909-473-X , p. 25.
10. ↑ Nuit Banai: Yves Klein'due south Hazard in the Void. In: Oliver Berggruen, Max Hollein, Ingrid Pfeiffer: Yves Klein. Cantz, Ostfildern-Ruit, 2004, ISBN 3-7757-1446-4 , p. 22.
11. ↑ spring into the void , amusement in the portal yvesklein.de , accessed on 21 July 2013
12. ↑ Clarification on the museum website, accessed on March 29, 2013 (English)

personal data
SURNAME	Klein, Yves
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	French painter, sculptor and performance artist
DATE OF Nascence	April 28, 1928
PLACE OF Nascency	Nice
DATE OF Expiry	June 6, 1962
Place of death	Paris

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Source: https://de.zxc.wiki/wiki/Yves_Klein

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